The Black Of Black Criminal Labels - 866 Words

Welch (2007) instituted her article with details of speculations and theories that coincided to the development of Black criminal labels. Now, the Black criminal labels are basically the stereotypes that black people are commonly involve or associate with regarding with crime. She thought it was a plausible concept to understand the images of crime shown by a society. She explicates on racial stereotypes through crime rates, black involvement in crimes, media, and racial hoaxes. For instance, young black males in America are commonly perceived as violent, gang affiliated, and sustain by other labels everywhere. She mentions â€Å"talking about crime is talking about race† which has adapted to the publics’ minds throughout a wide range in history (Welch, 2007; Barlow, 1998, p.151). Welch gives an example of a common white stereotype of African Americans as being less controlled, and more prone to crime than whites which adds to the public’s conception of cri minality (2007; Higginbotham, 2002, p.147). Through the various factors, like black involvement in crime have contributed to the criminal stereotyping of blacks. Concerning this, Randall Kennedy interpreted how the reputation of Blacks has been â€Å"besieged† by beliefs from white people about inclinations beforehand towards criminal activity that could be traced back to when Africans were held in captivity (1997; Welch, 2007). His statement conveyed that African Americans have had this reputation for decades. The realShow MoreRelated Is The Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages Is the Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Most criminologist use two sources of criminal justice data in the United States: the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS). The URC data is made from law enforcement agencies and include crime incidents reported to or obtained by the police. NCVS data is obtained from a very complex national survey of a sample of homes and provide information about crime incidents and victims for both reported and unreportedRead MoreCrime Is A Social Construction Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagestheir own deviance and maintain their own dominance. Neo-marxists look at how moral panics create a social construction of crime and can criminalise certain groups. Finally, feminists, argue crime is constructed in a patriarchal way and that the criminal justice system is harsher to female offenders. Whereas others criticise these theories for not focusing on all disadvantaged groups. Crime refers to behaviour that breaks the law, rather than the idea that crime is something that exists as a realityRead MoreWright Edelman s Education965 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessful and economically stable future for our children today is not available to all children, especially young Black males. According to Jenkins (2006) in the needs assessment for African American Men of Arizona State University (AAMASU) program, the university noted that Black males experience a high level of underachievement in the higher education arena, over involvement in the criminal system, and high rates of unemployment, poverty, and dying via homicide (Arizona State University, 2004). AllRead MoreAnalysis Of New Jim Crow 1364 Words   |  6 Pageslegalized employment discrimination that deter African Americans who are branded as felons from easily integrating back to the society, act to trap African Americans to a second-class status. Therefore, the label of â€Å"felon† is the new Jim C row, a legal stamp of inferiority that prevents millions of black men from fully participating in society. I believe that denying returning citizens from practicing their human rights even after they have served their time is morally wrong, as it shows that the societyRead MoreWho Shot Johnny, by Debra Dickerson Essay543 Words   |  3 Pagesthat she carries on her chest. Dickerson wants the reader to establish a connection between intellect and the black society. She even states, â€Å"I do this because I know that those of us who are not well-fed white guys in suits must not yield the debate to them, however well-intentioned or well-informed they may be.† (224). If intellect were strictly given to â€Å"well-fed white guys†, the black society would not have the creditability to contribute toward the intelligent aspects of society. Without theseRead MoreEssay on Prejudice and Discrimination in Crash964 Words   |  4 Pageseach other. As a result, it is best to anal yze this film from a symbolic interactionism point of view by analyzing how the labels the characters encounter in this film affect their perception and in turn create prejudice (Henslin). One of the most obvious labels that characters dealt with in â€Å"Crash† were the labels based upon race. One of the best examples of how racial labels shaped the social environment is the way Daniel, a tattooed Hispanic locksmith, was treated by both Jean Cabot, a whiteRead MoreAfrican Youth And Moral Panics Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pages African youth and Moral Panics African youth crime and the portrayal of black youths in the media has generated substantial publicity over the years. In part because statistics show that black youths committed a disproportionate amount of crime, however the media is known to exaggerate news stories by creating moral panics. Moral panic refers to the exaggerated outburst of public concern over the morality and behavior of particular groups in society. African youths in particular are portrayedRead Moreâ€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space† by Brent Staples1449 Words   |  6 Pages In Brent Staples’ Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space, Staples describes the issues, stereotypes, and criticisms he faces being a black man in public surroundings. Staples initiates his perspective by introducing the audience in to thinking he is committing a crime, but eventually reveals how the actions taken towards him are because of the fear linked to his labelled stereotypes of being rapists, gangsters and muggers. Staples continues to unfold the audience from a 20 year old experienceRead MoreLabeling Theory And Its Effect On The Individual1233 Words   |  5 Pagescategorize individuals who breaks the laws or commit crime. The purpose of the labeling is to cause social humiliation so the individual want commit the crime again. Labels are placed on individuals who commit crime to reduce repeat offenses. A person of prestige that has a high ranking social class is the individual that usually determines how labels are applied. Labeling theory can have a negative ef fect on the individual who is categorized, the individual is more likely to view them self as labeled. ThereforeRead More‚Äà ²Discuss How Far Sociologists Would Agree That Teenage Criminal and Deviant Behaviour Results from Parents Failing to Socialise Their Children Correctly‚Äà ´977 Words   |  4 Pages‘Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly’ In this essay I will be discussing how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly. Teenage criminal and deviant behaviour is when teenagers (13-19 yr olds) participate in activities which breach the law and are involved in activities which are seen

Globalization And Its Impact On Society - 1307 Words

Globalization is a phenomenon involving the integration of ideas circulating worldwide, connecting people from everywhere (Friedman). Globalization affects everything, but most importantly it impacts our own cultures. Culture is the way that groups of people act, believe, and live. This is crucial to life because without culture, we wouldn’t be unique. Cultures are linked together through globalization because globalization can spread cultures worldwide, altering them in the process. Globalization is something that has existed on throughout history, still in our everyday lives. To give some background, America embodies ideas of opportunity, freedom, and a land of promise. America promotes these values and ideas because it creates a strong and unified country. It even influences other territories to follow the successfulness of the U.S. acquiring freedom from Great Britain. Likewise, America is one of the world’s leading superpowers so people either aspire to be like Ame ricans or fear and fight them. This leads into the significance of perspectives because some outside areas may envision America as glorious or as a force they must oppose and rebel against. These areas make judgements on America based on their values/beliefs or in other words their culture. Due to this, some areas may be bias towards America, creating contention because America sees themselves as helpful when other countries/areas strongly agree with them or strongly disagree. This is also part of the reasonShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Globalization On The Society1114 Words   |  5 Pages The Impact of Globalization 3 Introduction The effects of globalization are visible everywhere. The mixing of cultures and races throughout our society is everywhere. It’s on television, in our homes and woven into our workplace. This is not necessarily a new construct; it’s just more noticeable today than in the past. The Roman Empire opened all trade in Europe, Africa andRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is the process by which different societies, culture, and how regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political beliefs through communication, marketing, and transportation. Predominately, globalization has made a worldwide impact on many nations in numerous ways such as; politically, economically, as well as socially. Globalization has shaped the independence of various nations, thus leading to worldly affairs based on a global level. Leading to trends in cultureRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1369 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is a broad term used in multiple social studies classes. There are three types of globalization: cultural, economical and political. As both positive and negative views exist on globalization; using just the word globalization isn’t specific enough to understand these viewpoints. Knowing the different types of globalization will allow a person to form their own opinion whether or not each individual type of globalization has a positive or negative impact on society. Cultural globalizationRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1637 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Globalization as ‘the acutely adamant affiliation of economies, societies and cultures into a borderless accepted communications [technology] and accumulation arrangement [is] a world-transforming process, not all which is pleasant,’ (Morrison, 2010, p. 32). Although globalization is, and will apparently abide for some time, one of ‘a lot of ambiguous and misunderstood’ concepts, there is some accepted arena to be beginning an allotment of all the confusion (White, 2008). That isRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1311 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization, has taken place for centuries, is the shrinking of geographic that accelerate the flows of money, goods, people and culture around the planet. Migration came when people move between countries either temporarily or permanently, to seek education and employment or to escape adverse political, environments. Culture and globalization have infinite impact on each other. Humans have never been closer together than we are today. Globalization, started from the intercontinental migrationRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1963 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalization has been rapidly influencing businesses in today’s society. It is a way of bringing markets around the world closer together to form better partnerships and improve communication between the different countries, governments and businesses that are motivated by investments and international trading. Globalization has been adapted to foster political and diplomatic affiliations between countries. This way of conducting business creates a competitive market place, and keeps the organizationsRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society942 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization has, from the late twentieth century, led nations and their borders to be called into questions. Populations, often driven by their youths, now have instant access to information on everything that happened around the world. Meanwhil e, and because of this globalization, states have been forced to open up to the world and to free their borders to facilitate exchanges. Therefore, people began to feel less constrained by their nationality and became what is often referred to as citizensRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1274 Words   |  6 Pagespeople alike, yet globalization is a vastly broad and unfamiliar concept to a majority of people. Personally, before enrolling in this class, I thought I knew what the general idea of globalization was, as rudimentary and elementary as my knowledge of the topic had been. However, after only exposing myself to a minuscule amount of cultural literature throughout the course of this class thus far, I have greatly expanded my understanding of what the true meaning of globalization is: a process thatRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization defines practically all facets of modern life. The jobs available to the public, the cultures people embody/emulate, the relationships individuals engage in, are all continuously altered by the profound forces of the globalizing process. Capital, people, images, commodities and ideology transcend national borders, and information races around the globe at accelerating speeds (Inda 4). The theme of globalization has emerged generating considerable amounts of controversy in its wake,Read MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society Essay1980 Words   |  8 Pagesphenomenon is called globalization. As humans continue to advance technologically, we, as humans, will become more unified. This unification has many benefits. We will be able to work together on an economical, political, and social level. The state-of-the-art capabilities in commerce and trading between countries globalization fosters immense economical growth. Consequently, this growth will lead to an increase in jobs and overall economic health. Nevertheless, some claim that globalization will have certain

Joseph Goebbles biography Essay Example For Students

Joseph Goebbles biography Essay Master propagandist of the Nazi regime and dictator of its cultural life for twelve years, Joseph Goebbels was born into a strict Catholic, working-class family from Rheydt, in the Rhineland, on 29 October 1897. He was educated at a Roman Catholic school and went onto study history and literature at the University of Heidelberg under ProfessorFriedrich Gundolf, a Jewish literary historian renowned as a Goethe scholar and a close disciple of the poet Stefan George. Goebbels had been rejected for military service during World War I because of a crippled foot the result of contracting polio as a child and a sense of physical inadequacy tormented him for the rest of his life, reinforced by resentment of the reactions aroused by his diminutive frame, black hair and intellectual background. Bitterly conscious of his deformity and fearful of being regarded as a bourgeoisintellectual, Goebbels overcompensated for his lack of the physical virtues of thestrong, healthy, blond, Nordic type by his ideological rectitude and radicalism once he The hostility to the intellect of the little doctor, his contempt for the human racein general and the Jews in particular, and his complete cynicism were an expression ofhis own intellectual self-hatred and inferiority complexes, his overwhelming need todestroy everything sacred and ignite the same feelings of rage, despair and hatred in At first Goebbelss hyperactive imagination found an outlet in poetry, drama and abohemian life-style, but apart from his expressionist novel, Michael: ein Deutsches Schicksal in Tagebuchblattern (1926), nothing came of these first literary efforts. It was in the Nazi Party that Goebbelss sharp, clear-sighted intelligence, his oratorical gifts and flair for theatrical effects, his uninhibited opportunism and ideological radicalism blossomed in the service of an insatiable will-to-power. In 1925 he was made business manager of the NSDAP in the Ruhr district and at the end of the year was already the principal collaborator of Gregor Strasser, leader ofthe social-revolutionary North German wing of the Party. Goebbels founded and edited the Nationalsozialistischen Briefe (NS Letters) and other publications of the Strasserbrothers, sharing their proletarian anti-capitalist outlook and call for a radical revaluation of all values. His National Bolshevik tendencies found expression in his evaluation of Soviet Russia (which he regarded as both nationalist and socialist) as Germanys natural ally againstthe devilish temptations and corruption of the West. It was at this time that Goebbels, who had co-authored the draft programme submitted by the Nazi Left at the Hanover Conference of 1926, called for the expulsion ofpetty-bourgeois Adolf Hitler from the National Socialist Party. Goebbelss shrewd political instinct and his opportunism were demonstrated by his switch to Hitlers side in 1926, which was rewarded by his appointment in November of the same year as Nazi district leader for Berlin- Brandenburg. small, conflict-ridden organization, Goebbels rapidly succeeded in taking control andundermining the supremacy of the Strasser brothers in northern Germany and theirmonopoly of the Party press, founding in 1927 and editing his own weekly newspaper,Der Angriff (The Attack). He designed posters, published his own propaganda, stagedimpressive parades, organized his bodyguards to participate in street battles, beer-hallbrawls and shooting affrays as a means to further his political agitation. By 1927 the Marat of Red Berlin, a nightmare and goblin of history had already become the most feared demagogue of the capital city, exploiting to the full his deep, powerfulvoice, rhetorical fervour and unscrupulous appeal to primitive instincts. A tireless, tenacious agitator with the gift of paralysing opponents by a guileful combination of venom, slander and insinuation, Goebbels knew how to mobilize the fears of the unemployedmasses as the Great Depression hit Germany, playing on the national psyche withWith the skill of a master propagandist he transformed the Berlin student and pimp, Horst Wessel, into a Nazi martyr, and provided the slogans, the myths and images, the telling aphorisms which rapidly spread the message of National Socialism. A Personal Experience with Fear EssayHe combined verbal warnings that, as a result of the war, the Jews will pay withextermination of their race in Europe and perhaps beyond with careful avoidance inhis propaganda material of discussing the actual treatment of the Jews, i.e. anymention of the extermination camps. Goebbelss anti-semitism was one factor whichbrought him closer to Hitler, who respected his political judgement as well as hisadministrative and propagandist skills. His wife Magda and their six children were welcome guests at the Fuhrers Alpine retreat of Berchtesgaden. In 1938 when Magdatried to divorce him because of his endless love affairs with beautiful actresses,it was Hitler who intervened to straighten out the situation. During World War II relations between Hitler and Goebbels became more intimate,especially as the war situation deteriorated and the Minister of Propaganda encouragedthe German people to ever greater efforts. After the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender, Goebbels turned this to advantage, convincing his audience that there was no choice except victory or destruction. In a famous speech on 18 February 1943 in theBerlin Sportpalast, Goebbels created an atmosphere of wild emotion, winning the agreement of his listeners to mobilization for total war. Playing adroitly on German fears of the Asiatic hordes, using his all-pervasive control of press, film and radioto maintain morale, inventing mythical secret weapons and impregnable fortresses in the mountains where the last stand would be made, Goebbels never lost his nerve or his It was his quick thinking and decisive action on the afternoon of 20 July 1944, when he isolated the conspirators in the War Ministry with the help of deta chments of loyal troops, which saved the Nazi regime. Shortly afterwards heachieved his ambition to be warlord on the domestic front, following his appointmentin July 1944 as General Plenipotentiary for Total War. Given the widest powers to move and direct the civilian population and even toredistribute manpower within the armed forces, Goebbels imposed an austerity programmeand pressed for ever greater civilian sacrifice. But with Germany already close tocollapse, it was too late to accomplish anything beyond further dislocations andconfusion. As the war neared its end, Goebbels, the supreme opportunist, emerged as the Fuhrers most loyal follower, spending his last days together with his family,in the Fuhrerbunker under the Chancellery. Convinced that the Nazis had finally burntall their bridges and increasingly fascinated by the prospect of a final apocalypse, Goebbelss last words on dismissing his associates were: When we depart, let the earth Following the Fuhrers suicide, Goebbels disregarded Hitlers politicaltestament, which had appointed him as Reich Chancellor, and decided to follow suit. He had his six children poisoned with a lethal injection by an SS doctor and then himself and his wife Magda shot by an SS orderly on 1 May 1945. With characteristic pathos and egomania he declared not long before his death: We shall go down inhistory as the greatest statesmen of all time, or as the greatest criminals.Bibliography:

International Business Strategy Case

Introduction The Australian’s fair work act, 2009 began operating on July 2009. It provides a fair framework for any workplace relations that promote national economic prosperity and social Inclusion for all Australians. In addition, it provides fair workplace laws that are flexible and favorable for the country’s economic growth, productivity, and for business operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Strategy Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This act ensures that net pay and wages are up to the national employment standards for the sake of employees. It also enhances flexibility, thus assisting employees to balance their work and family responsibility. According to the Australia’s Employment Act (2009), an employer should never contradict the national employment standards. The main issue that concerns the Fair Work Act, 2009 is that, it provides fair wages and conducive employment conditions, termination of employment, dispute resolution, enterprise bargaining, and industrial action. The act also requires an employer to abide by the terms and conditions of employment. For instance, an employer cannot force a fulltime employee to work for more than 38 hours in a week unless there is a reasonable reason for the extra hours. Therefore, an employee is obliged to refuse to work for extra unreasonable hours by exercising his/ her rights (National employment standards 2009). â€Å"With the introduction of the Fair Work Act (2009) the pendulum of workplace regulation in Australia has swung back towards the centre. Discuss with reference to the implications for bargaining over terms and conditions of employment.† According to Holley et al (2008 pp 243), collective bargaining is an activity that involves the union representatives and the employer and management officials, in an attempt to solve conflicting issues that affect employees, thus sustaining and boosting the work relationship. When collective bargaining is successful, it boosts relationship between the employers and employees, thus both parties begin to trust each other through transparency and honesty; indeed, the possibility of damage is reduced. According to Caisey (2007, pp 36), there are four types of collective agreements; a single –employer collective agreement, single union collective agreement, a multi-employer agreement and a multi- union and multi-employer collective agreement.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Collective bargaining includes discussing pressing issues such as Bargaining assistance to the low paid employees – it may involve issues such as employees designated to childcare, security, and community services; Abolishment of tough rules of industrial action where it may harm the country’s economy or even interfering with the economy of an organization. Industrial action may also be disregarded if it risks the welfare of the citizens. Right to entry, which union members are required to adhere to and members cannot disclose any information discussed. Protection from unfair dismissal of employees, which is an important issue that fights for the employees rights, hence dismissals are only accepted if there is a genuine reason, such as redundancy. Balances between work and family is encouraged in the Fair Act such that working hours should be flexible enough to allow employees to attain time to attend to family responsibilities. The right to be presented in the work place, which involves a decision by an employee to be involved in a union or not; employees can also decide on whether to engage in bargaining agreement or choose not to. Collective bargaining acts as a regulator in which employers and employees can freely express their views concerning the nature of work at hand and come t o an agreement (Fair work Australia 2009). Negotiations are involved in the good faith bargaining, whereby an employer agrees to bargain with the employees on pressing work issues; this is the notification time. However, according to the Act, the employer should notify the employees of the right of representation in 14 days after the notification time. Good Faith bargaining involves the bargaining representatives, who must meet a number of requirements. First, they should always attend meetings at the right time; they should not disclose any confidential information at all; and they should be in a position to respond to the proposals that are made by other bargaining representatives. In addition, the representatives should refrain from any behavior that undermines the collective bargaining principles. Finally, they should all come to an agreement on issues concerned. Therefore, the Fair Act (2009) has provided a fair ground for both employers and employees to negotiate in terms of t he nature of work. This meets with the objectives of the Act, which focuses on fairness in the place of work. The freedom of unions that represent employees is encouraged in this Act; therefore, employees are able to air their grievances, making the place of work a conducive environment. In Chapter 2 of the Fair Work Act ( Collective Bargaining, 2009), there are two types of terms and conditions of employment that include the national employment standards (NES) – a modern award national minimum wage order, and an equal remuneration order. Therefore, for a modern award to be applicable to an employer or an employee, the award must cover the employee or the employer. It has to be also operational and it cannot be applicable when one has a high source of income. A court order can also lead to a modern award being applicable to an individual. A modern award must include the national employment standards in that it is not an exemption. Its terms must supplement the national employ ment standards and should operate according to the NES terms and conditions. For instance, the modern award agreement on annual leave of employees is 6 weeks with full pay. Thus, applying the NES, which states that the minimum number of leave is 4 weeks, most organizations in Australia have put this strategy of leave with full pay in practice. An enterprise agreement applies to an employee in relation to a specific employment; however, an agreement may cease to apply to an employee if the period of agreement expires.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Strategy Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More National employment standards are those standards that are as a requirement in the workplace and involve both the employer and the employee (An Act relating to workplace relations and for the related purposes, 2009, pp 78). The minimum working standards include maximum weekly hours, flexible working arrangements, parental, long service, careers, and annual leaves. Notice of termination and redundancy pay are also inclusive. According to the act, the maximum working hours for any full time employee is 38 hours in a week; but the employee has the right to refuse to work for any unreasonable additional hours. However, there is a determination on how reasonable or unreasonable the additional hours could be. First, they should not be a risk to employee’s health after working. According to Burke and Cooper (2008, pp 119), the intense of work that could lead to extra working hours and employee extra effort could result to health deterioration, thus interfering with the employee’s wellbeing. In addition, they should not compromise employee’s family responsibilities like parental responsibilities. The additional hours should rhyme with the needs of the employee’s organization. Moreover, an employee should be entitled to an overtime payment for the additional hours worked. A notice should however be given earlier by the employer to request for the additional hours, while the employee should also give an earlier notice, if he intends to refuse the work. The additional hours should rhyme with the employee work pattern, and they should be influenced by the nature of employee’s role in the organization. Finally, the addition hours should be in accordance with an agreement between the employer and the employee (An Act relating to workplace relations and for the related purposes, 2009, pp 79). This Act gives the right to an employee to request for flexible working hours. This can be applicable to an employee who have a parental responsibility for a child in school or who is under the age of 18 years and for the case of a disabled child. However, an employee can only ask for flexible working arrangement if he or she has worked for a minimum of 1 year in that organization; the request has to be in writing for formality purposes. The empl oyer has to respond to the request in 21 days either granting the request or disregarding it. In case of the latter, the employer must give a reason for his decision, incase he denies the employee his request.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For parental leaves, an employee is not entitled to this type of leave if he has not worked for at least a year in the organization. There are two types of parental leaves – birth-related leave, which includes unpaid maternity leave and unpaid parental leave for casual workers. The second is the adoption related leave, which includes unpaid parental leave, which is preparation for the adoption of a child, and pre-paid adoption leave; the adopted child must however be under the age of 18 years old for permission to be granted. However, birth-related leaves start from 6 weeks before the due date of birth. However, a 10-week earlier notice should be given to the employer before the leave commences, as evidence on the actual date of birth is required by the employer. In addition, incase an employee wants to extend his leave, he should write to the employer 4 weeks before the end of his or her leave. This gives time for the employer to respond to the request within 21 days. Howeve r, no extension of leave can be granted beyond 24 months in cases of birth and placement leaves (An Act relating to workplace relations and for the related purposes, 2009, pp 94) The Fair Work Act guarantees an employee the right of transfer to safer job in cases of pregnancy, and if she has served the organization for at least a year, evidence that supports the transfer must be produced. This enables an employee to choose the type of work that does not cause any negative effects on his/her health. The comfort of every worker at their place of work is a concern to the government. In this case, the annual leave is compulsory to every working organization, and is associated with full pay. However, public holidays are not inclusive to an employee’s annual leave pay. Identify rights and obligations, understanding the development of various rights and obligations, understanding the interplay between various spheres of regulations. According to Department of foreign affairs trade (2008), â€Å"Australia’s modern, competitive economy is underpinned by flexible workplace relations system which link productivity to remuneration and promotes innovation and efficiency gains in individual work places.† With the presence of collective bargaining, employees and employers can be able to negotiate and agree on the nature of work at the place of work. Importantly, the collective bargaining leads a firm to a competitive advantage since the workers are motivated and they work to meet the company’s goals and objectives. Every employee in Australia has a right to 38 working hours on weekly basis, with only reasonable additional hours. This is in addition to the right to 52 days of unpaid parental leave in form of maternity, paternity or adoption leave, four weeks of annual leave with full pay. Career leave with pay is also inclusive. Freedom of association is also encouraged in the work place, hence the presence of unions. The Fair Work Act fights agai nst unfair dismissals at the place of work. According to Lewis and Sargeant (2004 pp 152), in cases where an employer does not give reliable reason for dismissing an employee, then this type of dismissal is regarded as unfair. An employee can only be dismissed if he is dismissed on genuine terms, if only they were performing a specific task for a specific period of time and if one was employed by a small business. However, the government of Australia established new workplace relation systems that commenced in 2010. They include; collective bargaining power, minimum employment standards, the right to freedom of association, curbing discrimination, and procedures involved in dispute and grievance settlement, as well as laws that protect employee from unfair dismissal. When employers adopt these systems for their organizations, then the working environment will be conducive for employees, thus leading to maximum productivity that will enhance the competitive advantage of the company. Employment standards in Australia are necessary for an organization, since they are essential to the employees and employers as well. If an organization meets the national employment standards required of them, then they are abiding to the rules and laws of the Fair Work Act. National employment standards ensure that an employee is comfortable at his place of work such that, the employer is able to coordinate the staff. When these standards are put in place, employees and employers are able to understand what is expected of them at the place of work such that, an employee cannot decide not to go to work without any reliable reason and he has to request for permission in writing to the manager in advance. The manager should give a response, which could be positive or negative. If permission is denied, then the manager should indicate a relevant reason for his decision. Such a procedure allows an organization to run effectively, thus employees and employers know their limits at the pl ace of work. It is clear that each employee in Australia has a right in the place of work and there are governmental organizations present like Fair Work Ombudsman, which tackles any work related complaints whereby, it investigates such issues in compliance with the country’s work place laws (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2010). Finally, the Fair Work Act enhances fairness and justice at the place of work for both employees and employers. In addition, it improves employee-employer relationship since all the procedures and issues in this act involving communication are encouraged. Conclusion According to Fowkes (2011, pp 12), the unemployment rate in Australia is caused by skill shortage; hence, this is an issue that needs to be addressed by the government. The Fair Work Act, 2009 provides a framework for employment terms and conditions, and issues that surround employment department. In this case, the Australian government has put in place rules and regulations that employees and empl oyers should abide to in the place of work. In addition, disregarding of unfair dismissal and encouraging collective bargaining and agreements are important in any organization. Agreements boost employer-employee relationship in that, they create room for communication and solutions, thus leaving both parties satisfied. Moreover, given that communication is the key to success, this Act encourages the presence of collective agreements, which if well utilized, may lead to success in terms of growth of a company and create a bond between management and the staff. Nevertheless, the government ensures that each employee has a right to an annual leave with full pay and unpaid maternity leave and placement leave incase of an adoption. The issue of fair wages for employees is also addressed. Indeed, when the employee’s needs are met, they become motivated and productive. The Australian government is concerned about the welfare of its citizens, keeping in mind that it is through their hard work that profits are maximized, thus boosting the economic growth of Australia. The Act also clearly states that, in no condition should the employer bend the laws in the Fair Work Act, lest he is held liable. References An Act relating to workplace relations, and for the related purposes. 2009. Fair Work Act.  Web. Burke, R. and Cooper, C., 2008. The long work hours culture: causes, consequences and choices. NY: Emerald Group Publishing. Caisey, K., 2007. Collective Bargaining. Northcote: CCH New Zealand limited. Collective Bargaining. 2009. Fair Work Act. Web. Department of foreign affairs and trade. 2008. Workplace relations in Australia. Web. Fair Work Ombudsman. 2010. Australian government: Web. Fowkes, L. 2011. Rethinking Australia’s employment services. The Whitlam Institute Publisher. Web. Holley, W., et al. 2008. The Labor Relations Process 9th edition. OH: Cengage Learning publisher. Lewis, D. and Sargeant, M., 2004. Essentials of Employment Law. 8th editio n. NY: CIPD publisher. National employment standards. 2009. Fair Work Act: Terms and conditions of employment. Web. This essay on International Business Strategy Case was written and submitted by user Alexis I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.